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The National Academy of Medicine, known as the Institute of Medicine (IOM) until June 30, 2015,〔(【引用サイトリンク】Institute of Medicine to Become National Academy of Medicine )〕 is an American non-profit, non-governmental organization founded in 1970, under the congressional charter of the National Academy of Sciences.〔(【引用サイトリンク】About the NAM )〕 It is part of the United States National Academies, which also includes: * National Academy of Sciences (NAS) * National Academy of Engineering (NAE) * National Research Council (NRC) On April 28, 2015, NAS membership voted in favor of reconstituting the membership of the IOM as a new National Academy of Medicine and establishing a new division on health and medicine within the NRC that has the program activities of the IOM at its core. These changes took effect on July 1, 2015. Its purpose is to provide national advice on issues relating to biomedical science, medicine, and health, and its mission to serve as adviser to the nation to improve health. It works outside the framework of the U.S. federal government to provide independent guidance and analysis and relies on a volunteer workforce of scientists and other experts, operating under a formal peer-review system. The academy aims to provide unbiased, evidence-based, and authoritative information and advice concerning health and science policy to policy-makers, professionals, leaders in every sector of society, and the public at large. As a national academy, new members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in a relevant field as well as for their willingness to participate actively. ==Operations== The National Academies attempt to obtain authoritative, objective, and scientifically balanced answers to difficult questions of national importance.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url = http://www.iom.edu/About-IOM/Study-Process.aspx )〕 The work is conducted by committees of volunteer scientists—leading national and international experts—who serve without compensation. Committees are composed in an attempt to assure the requisite expertise and to avoid bias or conflict of interest. Every report produced by committee undergoes extensive review and evaluation by a group of external experts who are anonymous to the committee, and whose names are revealed only once the study is published. The majority of studies and other activities are requested and funded by the federal government. Private industry, foundations, and state and local governments also initiate studies, as does the academy itself. Reports are made available online for free by the publishing arm of the United States National Academies, the National Academies Press, in multiple formats. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Academy of Medicine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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